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Vibrational spectroscopy in pharmaceutical analysis
Průchová, Kristýna ; Němec, Ivan (advisor) ; Šmejkal, Petr (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is the application of vibrational spectroscopy in pharmaceutical analysis in studying solid pharmaceutical forms. The surface of tablet samples containing the active substance from the group of statins has been studied especially by the methods infrared microscopy. Spectral maps of samples were collected thanks to the techniques of specular reflection, attenuated total reflection (ATR) and "inverse" ATR after determining optimal conditions for measurements. In order to evaluate these measured maps, one-dimensional analysis and principal component analysis were used. As the same samples of tablets were also measured by Raman microscopy, the comparison has been provided. The measured distribution maps enable both a determination of substances in the sample and conclusion concerned a method of tablets' preparation. The method in this case is a granulation, which has been found out from a comparison of maps of generic and original medicament. The specular reflection method was selected to be the most appropriate technique for obtaining the maps of the surface of a tablet, via confrontation of particular methods consequently with consideration of their advantages and disadvantages in the measurement and data processing.
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Development of the European Union according to selected demographic indicators
Illeová, Iva ; Fiala, Tomáš (advisor) ; Miskolczi, Martina (referee)
This diploma aims to analyze the development of the European Union Member States for last thirty years in terms of demographic indicators. First chapter is focused on the historical development of the world's population, followed by the development of the European population and political history of the European Union. Next chapter is focused on the most commonly used demographic indicators for international comparisons divided into groups according to demographic processes, their interpretation and calculation. The main part of the work is analysis of selected indicators for the Member States of the EU with regard to the European average of 27 Member States in the period between 1981 and 2011. Another chapter is devoted to modify data for above mentioned simple analysis and cluster analysis, which is located in the last chapter. Cluster analysis was performed using Euclidean distance and using nearest and furthest neighbor and Ward's method. In 1981 the furthest neighbor method divided Member States into five clusters and in 2011 the Ward's method divided Member States again within five clusters, but with a different composition. Original data for Multidimensional description is added to annex with the results of calculations and graphs.
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Analýza demografických rozdílů zemí Evropské unie
Myšková, Pavlína ; Marek, Luboš (advisor) ; Svoboda, Libor (referee)
Tato práce se věnuje rozdílům hodnot demografických ukazatelů v zemích současné Evropské unie. Zvláštní pozornost je věnována postavení České republiky mezi ostatními zeměmi. První kapitola je úvodem k celé práci, čtenář se v ní seznámí s cílem a náplní práce. Jsou zde vysvětleny použité pojmy a metody a krátce zmíněna historie Evropské unie. Druhá kapitola se zabývá výběrem demografických ukazatelů. Ukazatele jsem rozdělila do čtyř skupin na ukazatele charakterizující porodnost, úmrtnost, sňatečnost a rozvodovost a migraci. Ve třetí kapitole se zabývám úpravou získaných dat. Velká část této kapitoly je věnována výpočtu standardizovaných měr úmrtnosti. Ve čtvrté kapitole jsem provedla jednoduché analýzy ukazatelů v rámci jednotlivých zemí, skupin zemí (první skupinu tvoří země tzv. evropské patnáctky, druhou nové členské země, které přistoupily 1. 5. 2004) a také v čase (v letech 1970 a 2000). Pátá kapitola je věnována vícerozměrnému popisu dat, konkrétně jsem zvolila metodu shlukové analýzy, pomocí níž byly země rozděleny do 8 relativně homogenních shluků. Výpočty jsou doplněny tabulkami a grafy.
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